Midterm

DescriptionPreferred language style English(U.S.)Please double-space the exam, 12 font, and send it to me thru the Assignment Drop Box.There be 3 questions expense a total of 50 points (about 16.6 points a piece). The questions subscribe multiple-parts. solving in all of the parts for each question.2. CJ experts know that it is difficult to appreciate just how perilous an offenders future behavior force be. What are more or less of the problems associated with measuring guess?Explain why it is great to try to measure an offenders risk.How does measuring risk attend to the CJ system operate more in effect?http//www.francistimko.com/Risk/RISK%20ASSESSMENT.htmTOC2_43. What does it mean to classify probationers? wherefore do probation surgical incisions classify the offenders on their caseloads?Imagine yourself as a probation ships officer which classification of probationers would you prefer to monitor and why?HINTS Write well, edit.DO non discuss prisoners, prisons, jails, incarceration. You arent in that class. You are in a union corrections class.All of these questions require some reading from you textbook. Dont try to answer any of the questions without reading the appropriate section of your text. I expect and want you to read yout textbook as you prepare the mid-term. Answer the questions I asked. Dont answer questions I didnt ask. ordinary Sanctions Range of sentencing options that, fall somewhere between outright imprisonment and unsophisticated probationary release back into the community.Michael J. Russel, former director of the NIJ says that fair punishments are intended to provide prosecutors, judges, and corrections officials with sentencing options that permit them to apply appropriate punishments to convicted offenders plot of land not being constrained by the traditional choice between prison and probation. Rather than substituting for prison or probation, however, these sanctions, which include bridge sue the gap betwee n those options and provide innovative ways to ensure brisk and original punishment. From the introduction to James Austin, Michael Jones, and Melissa Boylard, The Growing Use of throw away1. Some people argue that intermediate sanctions are the best newly approach to sentencing offenders in the community. Define what experts mean by intermediate sanctions and what they are designed to do BOTH for offenders and the CJ system. How do experts justify the need for intermediate sanctions? middling sanctions are controversial. Why?Intermediate sanctions is a term employ for punishments that bridge the spectrum between prison and probation. They include intensive supervision probation, work release, house arrest, day fines, asset forfeiture, restitution, community service, boot camp and, occasionally, agency abuse treatment programs.These programs are intended to provide swift and certain punishment while decreasing the economic burden of the prison system, and simultaneously help ing connection feel that criminals are punished with something more than a slap on the wrist. They are also intended to provide showtime risk offenders with the intervention and assistance that they need in the hopes of reducing recidivism. Intermediate sanctions also theoretically decrease the risk that a low level offender will become hardened during incarceration.IS is controversial, for the most part, because research has shown that it does not accomplish the goals that have been set. Random experiments involving the assignment of offenders to ISP or probation showed no statistical differences in rearrest, but significantly change magnitude technical violations of parole among the offenders enrolled in the intensively supervised program.From that experiment, it is assumed that although ISP programs cost MORE to run, they are no more effective in reducing recidivism than traditional probation programs. Forfeiture judgments, in which the government confiscates property obtained with illegal money, have been successfully challenged in court. NIJ department studies of boot camp programs have shown that the programs generally do not lastly long enough to reduce recidivism. When the programs did last long enough to have that impact, they offered no real cost benefits to traditional incarceration.2. CJ experts know that it is difficult to estimate just how risky an offenders futurebehavior might be. What are some of the problems associated with measuring risk? Explain why it is consequential to try to measure an offenders risk. How does measuring risk help the CJ system operate more effectively?Although many measurements exist to evaluate an offenders future risk, all assessments contain some flaws They assess different values (which may vary, depending on the communitys needs), either prediction instrument contains hidden policy and value decisions, and anyone use a standardized assessment has to pay yearly fees to the proprietary vendor. For the above reasons, some(prenominal) societies have elected to develop their own assessments but with this choice comes the problems associated with works the bugs out and making sure that the assessments are accurately measuring that which is intended.It is important to measure an offenders risk of recidivism as well as his risk of escalating the violence of his attacks in order to adequately protect society while keeping the cost of the criminal justice system to its tyrannical minimum. Measuring offenders risk and adjusting the conditions of probation or intermediate sanctions consequently theoretically decreases the likelihood of a recapitulate offense, which physically protects society and assists in keeping the operating costs of the system lower due to not having to re-house this particular offender.3. What does it mean to classify probationers? Why do probation departments classifythe offenders on their caseloads?Imagine yourself as a probation officer which classification of pr obationers would you prefer to supervise and why?Probationers are classified by risk and need indoors the first thirty days hat they are assigned to a PO. The risk is the total of the scores for address changes, employment, contentedness abuse, attitude, age at first conviction, prior offenses and prior assault offenses. Each item is heavy and totaled, and the result is combined with the need score.Need scores are establish on vocational skills, employment issues, financial stability, family stability, emotional and psychological issues, substance abuse, health, sexual behavior, and officers impression. Probationers are the classified into high, medium, and low categories using predetermined values. A higher risk assessment is considered to correlate to an increased risk of probation violations. Probation officers use this risk assessment to determine how to most effectively allocate their resources of time and energy, while attempting to insure that each offender receives comme nsurate amounts of each to prevent violations of the probation agreement, and to catch any violations that do occur.Although it may have the appearance _or_ semblance irrational, I believe that if I were a PO I would prefer to supervise medium to high level risks, simply because the research indicates that disregarding of risk assessment there is an inverse relationship between repeat violations and the level of supervision offenders receive. It is my opinion that officers who are assigned low risk offenders may be less vigilant about catching offenses, or that the offenders may feel like they have sufficient opportunity to reside in criminal behavior, which results in a greater danger to probable victims of these crimes. An officer supervising a released rapist, for example, may find it easier to attain indispensable resources than one supervising an identity burglar, despite the fact that the identity thief is as likely to re-offend simply because rape is an assault crime .Midterm