Assign_1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assign_1 - Essay ExampleThis development was followed by commercial motives that were aligned to take the meshwork to a commercial scale. Cerf played an instrumental role in making the net profit popular and helped fix it in its current state.TCP/IP forms a part of the internet communications protocol suite that is the astray workd communication protocol over the internet. The complete protocol tends to provide end to end connectivity amid devices communicating through the internet. The protocol also specifies how data is formatted, transmitted, received, addressed and routed between the sender and the destination. The internet protocol version four (IPv4) was the first most widely deployed internet protocol. Even now, the most widely deployed internet protocol is the IPv4. The IPv4 uses the 32 micro chip (4 byte) address scheme that limits the total address space to around 4.3 gazillion users (232). This limit was exceeded in February 2011 but this exhaustion had been envis ioned for some time already. Development on the IPv6 protocol had been underway in the nineties. The IPv6 protocol was deployed in 2006 on a commercial basis and tends to use 128 bit addresses to produce 3.4 x 1038 addresses for users and devices. Given the expansion in internet services and internet dependent devices it was necessity to expand the total number of addresses to accommodate an ever-increasing user base.In the video Cerf goes ahead to say that he would like to see an incorporation of authenticity layers to augment the validity of online users. Currently it is common for internet users to use the internet without much need for authentication. Using this advantage users can surf the internet anonymously and thither have been cases of abuse over the internet. Cerf also goes ahead to say that anonymous surfing may real be necessary in order to protect the identities of people using the internet in states where censoring laws are repressive. This issue is open to debate but Cerfs point of view is clear that he

Punk rock or how an an ancient structure was built Essay

Punk rock or how an an ancient structure was reinforced - Essay ExampleManeuvering protuberances were put in to function as hitching points. (Holmquist & Philips)The beginning of housing started with the Neolithic plurality 10000 years ago. Their houses were mainly of mud, stone and wood, but the structure differed for every house. Since then(prenominal) the types of houses being built have evolved and upgraded. The Greeks and the Romans are famous for their structures and architectural techniques. Most of Roman architecture has been inspired by the Greeks and Greece is know as the Mother of Rome. The Greeks used three types of architectural systems Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The roofs that they built were of low pitch. Windows and doors would be enormous this would avail in wind circulation and keeping the heat out. Greek structures were painted white because it was not known then that the white marble of ancient Greece had been polychrome. These structures were mainly built o f local marble or limestone and had stone frames. atomic number 53 trend that was very common among the Roman architecture and structures is that of bases which provided support to the column. (Holmquist & Philips)There have been many trends in the Greek architecture. The first of them was the archaic period, in which the structure was mainly rectangular, consisting of steps, a platform, an anta and a porch.

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ruse History - Essay ExampleEach of the pieces shows a detail work toward this new era, while providing variant aspects outside of the Gothic drift with the pieces.The first way in which the pieces move outside of the Gothic style and into the Renaissance is the canvas that is used within each piece. For instance, LAnnonciation and The Unicorn Tapestries both use several diverse frames to depict a specific setting and story. While some of this is more Gothic in nature, it was a known attribute of the Renaissance era to combine the several panels and to create a movement by dint of these several frameworks to create a different ideal. The space, according to the Gothic ideal is cardinal that represented freedom, movement and sense of relationship (Stockstad, 537). Instead of a sense of complete freedom within each of these canvas, at that place is a defined frame that each carries to tell a story and to create a specific definition.The canvas that is used within each then mo ves into the specific attributes and characteristics that each carries. This can first be seen with the ornamentation that is a part of the Gothic era and the Renaissance period. In the Gothic style, ornamentation was one of the central aspects to the different paintings, sculptures and architecture in the art work. This was defined as elegant in nature and was refined. The use of geometrical spacing to create the ornamentation was one of the central aspects of the Gothic era. However, the Renaissance began to rear against this and to create more defined paintings, without the use of as much ornamentation or architecture in the background.Each of the pieces that are seen has more of the Renaissance style then the Gothic approach to the ornamentation used. The picture, L Annonciation is one that shows this concept. While there is ornamentation in some of the background items and architecture

Israel and the Palestinians (SLP) Module 4 Essay

Israel and the Palestinians (SLP) Module 4 - Essay ExampleThis go on immigration raised the alarm and eventually, fighting between the Zionists and indigenous people broke out gain intense waves of violence. Within the Mideast Europe, Hitlers rise to power led to increased immigration of Jews to nirvana thereof escalating the situation. After the WWII, the UN decided to intervene on the matter in 1947 resolving that Israel and Palestine relations could entirely be solved by a third party. However, the root led to the allocation of more than 55% of Palestine land under the Israelis. Analytically, the allocation of this land was an instigation of more conflicts as more than 30% of Palestine people were forced to live within 7% area of the Palestine land (MidEastWeb for Coexistence, 2008). there are various issues that face the resolution between Israel and Palestine. For instance, the Palestine lands, such as Gaza Strip and western United States Bank, that have been confiscated by Israel forces have endured humanitarian crisis such as the torture and abuse of women, men, and children. About 10,000 Palestine men, women, and children are held in Israel prison with most of these awaiting no trials. In addition, there has been heavy border get wind by Israel military, which has prevented medical and food supplies from entering Palestine. With most Palestine citizens comprising of Muslims, their original homeland has been taken oer by Israelis and are unable to return to their self-described land (If Americans Knew, 2014).With reference to the escalating situation, there has been a crisis of negotiating a resolution as various factors are involved. Firstly, as a recommendation, an independent party should oversee the peace negotiation as nations such as the USA are affiliates to Israel and make part of the UN. Secondly, diplomatic misconduct visualized by Israel should be met with sanctions such as those applied to Russia for acquiring Crimea from

Company- Samsung Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Company- Samsung Electronics - Essay Example2. BRIEF HISTORY Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. was established in 1969. It was one of the top di heaps of the Samsung grouping which was founded by Byung-Chull Lee. The name Samsung meant in Korea as three stars. His first line of business was sugar refinery. thusly few years later, Lee entered the manufacturing business. He also built early(a) lines of businesses in 1960s much(prenominal) as insurance, broadcasting, securities and department stores. On late 1960s, Samsung Electronics began its operations with the help of some American, European, and Japanese manufacturers. As the participation entered into the world of electronics, they made a huge investment to train their employees about the technologies used at the alike time partnered with several overseas companies to make it possible (Funding Universe, n.d.). The 1970s period marked the beginning of Samsungs private-enterprise(a) vision to be the worlds top contender in manuf acturing electronics. The companys pride was the development of various electronics items which include semiconductors, computers, telecommunications ironware and finished consumer electronics products (Samsungn.d.a). In 1980s, the company expanded their business in the reverberate of exports and partnering with other big companies and other suppliers of technology from other countries. They made huge sales and profits from export. In 1990s, the company experienced crisis in which it rooted from the crisis that the Korean government went through during the 1997 International Monetary Fund crisis. However, the company made a full stand during the crisis by adopting a series of restructuring as a form of rescue operation. The company was successful on their risky move. In the sensitive millenium, the company spread even more their vision as they proclaimed to the world their plan of becoming the worlds top producer and exporter of digital electronics. 3. SCOPE OF ITS transnational MARKETING 3.1 GOVERNMENT VS. INDUSTRY Industrial transformation is the process in which an industry changes its production technology, merchandise distribution, product scope, and location (Shin & Ho, 1997). Government policies are among the factors that affect the transformation (Shin & Ho, 1997). On January 28, 1969, the Electronics Industry Promotion justice was enacted by the Korean government. This law was to promote major electronics export industry by developing new technology products and increase sales activities outside the country (Amsden, 1989). On that year also, development and training with taxation incentives, low-cost loans and direct subsidies promotion were provided by the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI). Samsung, as one of the chaebols (domestic conglomerates), was one of the companies who reliable these benefits from the government (Dedrick & Kraemer, 1998). 3.2 DEVELOPMENTS WITH JOINT VENTURES AND COLLABORATIONS 3.2.1 SAMSUNGS ENTRY TO ELECTRONICS IND USTRY - 1970s. After the SEC was established, the company was able to form a joint venture agreement with foreign companies. First was Sanyo and Sumitomo Trading with 40% and 10% severally as well as with NEC and Sumitomo Trading. The Samsung-NEC employees went to training in Japan for couple of months to learn the simplistic products assembly and with the practiced assistance agreement those employees will undergo training annually by NECs technical experts. Futhermore, with the emergence of Samsung-Sanyo Parts in March 1973, the company was able to produce television parts with tuners, deflexion yokes, transformers and

The impact of iPads on children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The impact of iPads on children - Research Paper ExampleA number of studies have been conducted to image the positive benefits of iPads and tablet PCs on children. In one such scan conducted by Dundar & Akcayir (2012) that sought to try and compare the electronic tapeing performance, reading comprehension and reading speed of primary quill school 5th-class students using printed books and tablet PCs, the researchers selected a randomly selected sample coat of 20 students. The study was knowing in such a manner that the students were divided into the two groups of a control group and a treatment group. Whereas the students in the control book read ordinary printed books, the students in the treatment group read the same text on electronic tablet PC display. The findings of the study showed that there was no monumental difference between the two groups in either reading speed or reading comprehension. further the study found that students opinions pertaining to the use of tablet PCs was significantly positive. The ergonomics, display quality and availability of tablet PCs was say to have a positive effect on students who could read the text on the tablets like a book (Dundar & Akcayir, 2012). Tablet PCs can be used in both the vertical and horizontal positions and the size of the text can be easily adjusted to allow for students to read the books more easily and and so make the learning process easier. The results of this study were found to be similar to that which was conducted by Clarke & Svanaes (2012) that analyzed the feasibility of giving pupils tablets. In this study, researchers established that the iPad greatly contributed to the motivation of pupils to become more engaged with school work. The study also showed that tablets were especially beneficial to children that happened to have special educational needs. The technology promotes inclusion and improves communication and

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Peer review - Essay Example correspond to the article, incorporating a balanced scorecard allows any organization to analyze how they are doing both non-financially and financially through termination deep into where they are and decide the route that they will follow in order to attain their goals and objectives. According to Blocher et al. (2012), they also believe that in order to succeed, you have to align your business activities to the strategy and vision of the organization, break external and internal communications, as well as monitor organization performance against planned goals. In the last paragraph, the writer elucidates to the reader how the organization overcame their plummeting sales through changing their strategy and deciding what their knob would like to experience, how they can evaluate their financial performance and better manage their internal affairs, which were all significant aspects of assessing the performance of an organization (Michelli, 2007).Some of the thing that the writer could have added to the paper to make it more finicky is discussions on why the sales of Starbucks decreased in 2007 and how they got back up. Some critics also advise that writers should get into in mind that their articles might reach many people from different religions, thus is it also better(predicate) to write from a neutral point of view rather than dwelling on one religion in order for others to feel recognized

Measure and assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measure and opinion - Research Paper ExampleIf they are available from secondary sources, the task becomes easier for the researcher. If not, they have to necessarily amend to collection of primary data. So long as the requirements are confined to quantitative information, they can be collected easily. At the same time, if qualitative information is required, the problem leads compounded.In particular, when a researcher is fire in capturing the behavioral pattern of the chosen samples, task would not be as easy as collective quantitative information. Given the fact that the researcher cannot enter into the minds of respondents, at the best what goes on in the minds of respondents can be captured by designing appropriate questions / statements and eliciting their responses.While the subject matter has been debated over the years, thither is a consensus amongst researchers on the manipulationfulness of meter scales. These scales are quills which sorts or rates or ranks the respo ndents view points on the pre-determined criteria. They have been apply widely in the areas that call for using psychometric exercises. The behavior of respondents thus gets captured by noting the respondents responses on a scale, and these responses when codified become the data for further analysis.Once the researchers decide what kind of measurement scales are to be used, it is equally important to determine if the tools used reliability and validity. Of course, a researcher could use a number of measurement scales, but choosing the right scale is a challenge. Only those scales which are steady-going and valid alone will have to be chosen for measurement purposes.When a tool used for measurement produces similar results on repeat, that tool could be considered as reliable. In fact, reliability of a tool is nothing but the degree to which what has been measured yields consistent result each time it get used. Moreover, if what get measured remains free of error, the tool used to measure them is considered as reliable.On the

The Role of Consumer Behavior in Marketing Decisions Essay - 1

The Role of Consumer Behavior in Marketing Decisions - Essay exemplarEven though Starbucks has positioned itself as a high end coffee browse, it still depends on its consumers to cover the compute. Product use is often of great interest to the marketer, because this may influence how a product is surmount positioned or how we can encourage increased consumption (Perner, n.d). Thus for the purpose of this paper, consumer behavior will be studied through an interview with five selected pot and the result of the interview will help devote an understanding of the received image and positioning of Starbucks among its buyers. Findings of the Interview Through the interview with the five people who had at some point of their lives bought Starbucks, it was found that Starbucks is a brand that many people aspire for. The interviewees for this report run low to the medium income group. Mostly people visit Starbucks on a weekly basis or regular(a) on a once biweekly basis. The consume rs studied for this report where people who fill outd coffee and had it well-nigh daily. Most of them charter coffee machines at home or a local coffee shop where they go daily. Starbucks is not a daily option for these people since it is a premium brand where products are priced high as compared to the competition. In the time of recession, the price of the product plays a great factor in the buying decision. However, the people interviewed love Starbucks and wished they could go there more often. They visit Starbucks when they want to relax and have a good time. When asked to define the personality of Starbucks as a person, animal or tree change interesting responses were received that included a brown grizzly loving bear, a brownie, a cordially lover and even Oprah Winfrey for her loving nature and bright smile. Even though the consumers loved the brand, most tell that they would be apprehensive if the brand introduced a contrary product much(prenominal) as its own iPad or mobile phone. One of the customers however said, why not. He said that Starbucks has also been in(predicate) at ontogenesis new products and given its success in developing new products, it can also be successful in making iPads. According to him, if Google can launch the Andriod, Starbucks can also launch a exclusively different product. A few of the consumers said that if the product was related to food or coffee such as coffee soap, they would be willing to consider buying the product. Discussion The findings of the interview match with the current knowledge that has been gathered through reviewing literature available on Starbucks and by understanding it in commence of the marketing theories available. Starbuck is one of the most preferred brands in terms of coffee because of the positioning of the brand. The consumers prefer the image of Starbucks as it sells the best coffee in the country according to the consumers. Along with the good taste of Starbucks products, the cons umers love the customer service of the shop. They even compare the customer service to a warm lover who attracts people through the love it instills in the customers. One important thing that the consumer survey helped us to find was the allude of recession on the buying behavior of the consumer. Since recession has impacted everyone, people are more informed of where they spend their

Socratic discussion exercise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socratic discussion exercise - Research Paper ExamplePeople are an classical part of the culture as an organization depends upon its people ability and willingness to embrace the values. Narrative and places are in like manner essential parts of the corporate culture and countenance importance as they are required to earn the above four corporate cultures (Flamholtz & Randle, 2011).The above mentioned elements of corporate culture can be incorporated by developing a human-centered culture in which there must be trust among employer and employees. Strong leadership is one of the policies that help in incorporating the elements of corporate culture. An effective leadership style explaining the employees closely the culture of the organization and working along with them can be very beneficial for the organization. Another policy to implement the elements of the corporate culture is to establish clear principles for the employees to work in a proper manikin (Flamholtz & Randle, 2011).There are many policies to incorporate the essential elements of corporate culture, and the best procedure to establish is to have an effective leadership along with strategic communication as effective leadership, and communication are the moreover things that can build an

The Economic development of Russia 1929-1945 Essay

The Economic development of Russia 1929-1945 - Essay Example1929-1945 was possibly the greatest transformative time period of time in Soviet history partially due to the occurrence of the Second World warfare lasting from 1939-1945 and partly due to its leadership. During this period, Stalin combined his hold on mogul and was allowed to rule with liberty, establishing his revolution from above on the Soviet people1. His rule extended from 1922-1952 and was therefore responsible for majority of the economic transformation at the time. He substituted the cutting Economic Policy (NEP) instituted by his predecessor with a highly centralised planned (command) economy. This launched a period of collectivization and industrialization that caused rapid transformation of the USSR into an industrial power from an agrarian society. The initial disruption in agriculture unsettled food production and contributed to the disastrous Soviet famine of 19321933, which in Ukraine was known as the Hol odomor2. Afterwards, in a period that continued from 1936 to 1939, Stalin established a movement against suspected enemies within his judicial system - the Great Purge during which hundreds of thousands were executed.In August 1939, a non-aggression pact was signed by Stalin and Nazi Germany that distributed their power and territory within Eastern Europe, causing the invasion of Poland later in September of that year. Germany later dishonoured the symmetry and in June 1941 initiated a substantial invasion of the Soviet Union. In spite of numerous territorial and human being losses, Soviet forces succeeded in halting the Nazi incursion following the decisive Battles of Stalingrad and Moscow3.After overwhelming the Germans on the Eastern Front, Berlin was captured in May 1945 by the Red Army, effectively ending the Second World War for the Allies in Europe. Consequently the Soviet Union arose as one of two acknowledged globe super-powers, the United States being the other4. This aim of this paper is to analyse the events that occurred

Effectiveness of Public Private Partnerships Cooperation Between Essay

Effectiveness of common Private Partnerships Cooperation Between Business and The Government - Essay ExampleIn such sort of relationship, in that respect is a co-dependency of both the parties involved. The responsibility of authorities is of primal importance as it is completely the duty of governing body to provide the common soldier heavens with humanity services. Hence, governments be making use of such partnerships thereby acquire massive financial benefits from public esoteric partnerships. Apart from providing value for money, public private partnerships are besides useful for providing newly formulated designs, advanced public services, and an excessively rapid process of construction. Some governments are facing alleged accusations of using public private partnership for political motives. It is a substantial feature that public private partnership function properly under the mutual affinity between the private and public sector thereby making pp services as no n-privatized and non-nationalized services. In addition to it, such partnerships declare oneself mutual dependency upon each former(a), which allows them to attain remarkable results. The core issue related to public private partnership is budgeting for it entirely depends upon the financing of the private group. For instance, if finances and cost of the fancy are the responsibilities of the private sector, the government does non feel the necessity to take control of matters related to finance. However, when funds are un-available, government feels the regard to meet the financial requirement by imposing public taxes. Trans-European Network for transport is proposed to alleviate problems related to financing in public private partnership. This network is constructed to meet the requirements of recession and inflation. As with the descending scotch condition of many countries,...This paper outlines the growing importance of successful cooperation between public and private sect or in form of public private partnerships in the world today. The well designed project not only helps the parties to stay committed to their work but it as well offers them a scope of improvement than the previous(prenominal) project, the risk factors are reduced, reliability is higher and the efficiency of the project is also higher. One of the biggest proceeds of public private partnership is that in case of any mishap or loss in the project the expenses are shared by both the parties involved. The risks of bigger losses are minimized. Another significant advantage of these partnerships is achieved by the fact that it is essentially duty of the government to decide the user charges on which a popular person can use the root.Due to the current economic recession, the significance of public-private partnership has been increased as now governments are facing grave economical pressure and private-public partnership has become a fuddled medium to facilitate the building of infr astructure because the investors have been encouraged to invest in the building of infrastructure that may include hospitals, re-creational parks, educational institutions, etc.Apart from providing value for money, public private partnerships are also useful for providing newly formulated designs, advanced public services, and an excessively rapid process of construction.There are many forms of public private partnerships depending upon the business and finance controller of the project as sometimes it is solely in control of the public sector or in control of the private sector the other times.

Scenario question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scenario headway - Essay ExampleThe Vienna Convention defines a reservation as a unilateral statement, and phrased or named, made by a State, when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to shift the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in application to that State.3 At the first-class honours degree the question that needs to be examined is whether the reservation appended by State A is valid. The Vienna Convention in dealing with reservations, points out that a State may formulate a reservation, unless such reservation is disallow by the treaty.4 In the case dealing with reservations to the Genocide Convention5, the International Court of Justice seek to achieve a balance between the sovereign right of a State to make a reservation versus the apparent rising tide of reservations that went against the spirit of the treaty and the right of parties not to be reverberate to a treaty if they didnt wish to be. There is a similar conflict posed in this case.The purpose of the Treaty between States A to D, is cooperation on economic matters, but State A in reserving the option to suspend economic cooperation, which is against the very purpose of the Treaty and contravenes Article 19 cited above. The 2000 Treaty does not specifically prohibit reservations, but since the purpose of the treaty is economic cooperation, a reservation seeking to force economic cooperation may be questionable, especially in the context of the ICJ decision stated above which prevents States from fashioning such incompatible reservations.The frequency of reservations has increased in the twentieth century and some examples of Conventions that prohibit reservations in treaties are the 1952 Universal Copyright Convention and the 1964 Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to the International Carriage by Air.6 In this instance, since State A has specified that the withdrawal of economic cooperatio n will occur only in

LGBT is a bad idea in university because Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

LGBT is a inquisitive idea in university because - Essay ExampleLGBT housing is a bad idea in university because housing is discriminative in nature. According to (Cochran) , Barry Magee, who is the Director of Resident Life, argues that housing LGTB forget create an purlieu where allies of LGTB community as well as those individuals who are identified as LGTB come in concert and share comfortable conversations . In addition, Magee said that housing of LGBT will create a safer atmosphere in the campus for the LGBT community by bringing the community together. Rather than creating a safe environment, housing of LGTB will generate discrimination on the Campus. Researchers argue that the main ground of discrimination and especially in a domesticate environment is a negative perception. The perception that a particular set of group of the individual is to a greater extent important that another will cause students uproar. Housing of LGBT will act as a artless base for comparison o f beliefs and personal behaviors and as result safety the safety of the student will reduce. In most cases, every action that is conducted towards schoolmates, classmates among others will be evaluated on the basis of LGBT (Lee 205).LGBT housing is a bad idea in university because of academic reasons. Social relationships are very critical, both in schools and outside school. strong relationships raise the self-esteem of students and more importantly their way of expression. Self-esteem in school enables students to identify their bring out performers on campus comfortably and as a result making them their target to their academic improvements. Housing of LGBT will be creating a barrier by which students will be interacting. For instance, it will be exceptionally whimsical to find a member of LGBT community interacting, leave alone taking an academic project together with others for fear of discrimination. Fundamentally, different tutors and professors have different teaching met hods. In some

Principles of Political Liberalism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of political Liberalism - Article ExampleIn Political liberalism, every(prenominal) processes, the society revolves to further the ends of the individuals, who are considered as the center of all laws and institutions. Ranks imposed by the society and its institutions such(prenominal) as monarchy, government and businesses are held in less favor to the rights of the individuals to which the society and these institutions are based on.In Political Liberalism, it is the individuals who make the laws and norms of the society. Such characteristic is reminiscent although in a slightly different manner, of the anterior ideas on complaisant contract as thought of by Hobbes in his Leviathan and Rousseau in his treatise, The Social Contract.Basically, the social contract3 holds that it is the individuals who make the laws to which they agree to abide by, under the premise that individuals have the knowledge of what is best for them. In former(a) words, while the individuals are the basis of the laws, the individuals who collectively agree to abide by the law are each under the rule of the said law and have equal rights regardless of age, sex, race, economic and social status.Whereas in classical liberalism, such as in Hobbes Leviathan, social contract3 refers to the subordination of individuals to the sovereign, particularly the one who governs, to which they are specify to by the consent under the contract, the modern Political liberalisms emphasis on individualism is in opposition to such stand. Rousseau, in his Social Contract, posits that each individual is a member of the collective and mustiness submit not to the government but to the general will without regard to the individual interest, for the good of the society, thus, the frontier popular sovereignty. The principles of modern Political liberalism, however, are most commonly associated with the works and theories of John Rawl4. In general, the Political Liberalist theories of Rawl assume a po sition on justice as well as an idea of law that can be related to the economic game theory. It aims to provide answers to current issues on the political stableness as a result of pluralism (Blunden 2003) by generating an ideal for a society founded on justice finished concepts on citizenship and political education (Callan 1997). According to Larmore (1990), Political liberalism has been dealing with two main occupations. One of which is the problem of defining the limits to the power of the government which by essence limits the freedom and respect accorded to each individual and thereby limiting the conditions in which each would be enabled with self-realization and fulfillment (Young 2002). Given the known plurality of ideas, which could close always be contradicting, the problem lies in the difficulty in defining the limits to which the individuals can agree on (Young 2002). The second problem, according to Larmore (1990) is the identification of the ideas and values that w ould represent the general will or the common good. In other words, it is the presence and necessity of pluralism and diversity that makes the aims of Political liberalism difficult to achieve.The challenge to Political liberalism now is to prepare a set of principles that would target justice without impairing diversity. As it is, the principles of Political liberalism are set to avoid every threat to diversity and with consideration to such diversity that characterizes

Corporate & Global Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate & Global Strategy - Case Study ExampleThe register made three important findings. Firstly, Tesco unlike the competitors is focused on cost leadership, generic focus and produce differentiation. This has become part of the companys culture. To the company lower cost does non mean lower quality.Secondly, the companys management emphasizes on its core values, lay emphasis on product differentiation and lower cost that is using the coin cows and stars to reduce the companys question marks. Also, it has been argued in this paper that, the company should enter into exclusive long destination relationship with suppliers, co-branding with celebrity, artist and designers to create a unique product. It should be so, because taking a lead of intromission might mean innovation in branding, innovation in product variation and innovation in other formats.Andrews (1997 p. 52) defines corporate strategy as the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectiv es, purposes, or goals, produces the monger policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of duty the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human presidential term it is or intends to be and the temperament of the economic and non-economic contribution it intends to make to its shareholders, employees, customers, and communities. Corporate strategy in effect maps out the businesses in which an organisation intends to compete in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive capabilities into competitive advantage. (Andrews, 1997). In the present contend context of todays global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 20072). Kanter (199571) on his work on Mastering Change argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kante r (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. 1.1TESCO Corporate StrategyThis paper focuses on the corporate strategy of TESCO. Founded by diddly-shit Cohen in 1919, Tesco Plc today, has established itself as the largest super store in Europe. According to the company 2007 corporate story and the website, Tesco PLC is an international retailer. Tesco principal activities include food retailing having over 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom. The company in addition has stores and retail outlet in other countries like the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and china (Tesco 2006 Review). Tesco operates 165 International Express stores. In addition it operates 39 stores in China, 111 in Japan, 13 in Malaysia, 62 in South Korea, 6 in Taiwan, 219 in Thailand, 35 in Czech Republic, 87 in Hungary, 105 in Poland, 91 in Republic of Ireland, 37 in Slovakia and 8 in Turkey. (Tesco Ann ual Review, 2006). It therefore operates

Factors responsible for Industrial-Economic Revolution in America Essay Example for Free

Factors responsible for Industrial-Economic Revolution in America EssayThe last decades of the nineteenth one C saw tremendous evolution ion the industrial and economic sectors. The boundless economic expansion was triggered and augmented by the entrepreneurs like Carnegie, Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan etc. the innovations of the Thomas Edison. This scientific and technological adventures coupled with entrepreneurial risks and innovations introduced by great business community pushed America toward a new industrial era and helped it develop as an industrial-economic power.The history fabricated by many historians illustrates that late 19th century of American history is marked with the economic exploitations of robber barons that deprive American citizens of the potential benefits of industrialization and collected ample profits for themselves. But some of the great industrialist and businessmen of the 19th century America like Carnegie, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller helped Amer ica to establish itself on sound economic footings and constructed huge infrastructures of banks, railroads, steel move and cities etc.Although these entrepreneurs were market oriented businessmen but whatever their ambitions and objectives were, they contributed in the industrial and business sector. Andrew Carnegie remained the greatest industrialist in American history. His entrepreneurial competencies and his business acumen were the foremost qualities that capacitated him to grasp both opportunity to build a well-advanced business empire. Livesays (1975) manifests that his ability to recognize the potential of a new proceeds or product and to seize upon an auspicious moment to associate himself with it.Time and again he manifested this acumen, displacement his talents from factory to telegraph, from telegraph to railroad, from railroad to iron and then steel, meanwhile investing his money in posit companies, oil fields, sleeping cars, and telegraphs before he finally fused his energies and capital in Carnegie Steel (19). Rockefeller and Morgan were the opposite businessmen who set an impetus for heavy industry mass production and merger of small industries. They gain ground capitalized on the new ideas, activities of scientist and technologists like Edison whose experimentation revolutionized the industrial world.Mergers and acquisitions were an important phenomenon that capacitated the American industry to grow by leaps and bounds. Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houston Electric Company in 1892 and hence the great industrial conglomerate i. e. General Electric came into being. Morgan further established Federal Steel Company and later on merged it with Carnegie Steel Company. In 1901, he further assimilated many small steel and iron mills to establish the United States Steel Corporation.In this perspective, life of the laborers in this industrial domain was subject to gigantic working hours and dangerous workin g settings. Several of the policies of the industries had only obligations for the workers but there rights were never recognized and granted. This resulted in the low production output as workers were not satisfied. This background led many labourers to try to pioneer the rights of the workers in the form of labor unions regardless of well-organized resistance from entrepreneurs and the courts.After the recognition of these labor unions, collective bargain resulted in much improved wages and working conditions for the laborers as well the productivity. So the industrial suppuration further progressed. So it is quite clear from the above-mentioned facts and supported arguments that American industrial and economic development in the last decades of the 19th century was primarily due to the endeavours of the great entrepreneurs, scientific and technological innovations and the emergence of labor unions.

Fiction novel by Jerry Spinelli Essay Example for Free

Fiction new by Jerry Spinelli EssayMilkweed is a historical fiction novel by Jerry Spinelli. It is centered around Misha who grows up in Warsaw, Poland as the Holocaust is in full fledge. Misha struggles in his young life, as an orphaned Jew who steals and struggles to survive. Throughout the book Misha exemplifies persistence and perseverance in never self-aggrandizing up on life or the setbacks life can hand you that are outside of your control. This is a story of a man reflecting back on his difficult life he was dealt. Despite having no family, no belongings, and no true sense of identity, Misha is still able to love and care for others. He only if steals and pick pockets others because it is necessary to his survival. Although he originally steals from Janina and her family, they take him in and treat Misha as their son. He loves and cares for them in return and continues to care for Janina, even after she is cruelly taken away from him after being hired gun by the Nazis .Even into his old life, Misha thinks fondly of Janina, remembering how he truly felt he was a part of her family and remembering her with kindness. He gives his granddaughter Janina for a middle name without hesitating when asked by his daughter. Although Misha begins the novel with no real sense of self or identity, by the end of the book and middle age for him, he finds his spot in the world, living peacefully and being sure of himself. After the War, Misha moves to America, where he begins giving speeches on street corners telling stories of all that he endured during the War.I think he may take up told these stories two to make sense of what had happened to him and also to make others a contende of exactly how awful the Nazi party was. He is able to make peace his past and leads a peaceful, happy life working at a grocery store and spending time with his daughter and granddaughter. Misha shows us all that despite what setbacks people have encountered and how unfair life may h ave been to them, with hard work, perseverance, and an optimistic outlook on life, you may not be able to control your destiny, but you are able to control how you react to it.Misha just so happens to take life as it comes and celebrate his victories. He chooses not to dwell on his orphaned life, poverty, the war, or the fact that his pregnant life left him and rejoice in the fact that he once had love ones and now has a healthy daughter and granddaughter. After time, Misha accepted his past and quirky habits he acquired during the war and was able to reconcile with them.

The arts and knowledge Essay Example for Free

The craftworks and knowledge EssayWhat makes the world more than beautiful and peace or when imagination set beyond reason and opposite stress things? Well, device could be an answer in this situation and it is useful in some areas that cognition corporationnot define. To a moderately degree that integrity is found in art. However the relationship between righteousness and art give out to be contradict to severally other, but there is still a truth in art which is very important to nature.Art and truth have always been separate as two diametric areas of knowledge in mutual incomprehension. Whatever the relationship between the arts and knowledge, there seems to be a big difference between the contribution do by the arts to our understanding of the world and that made by the sciences (Theory of Knowledge p. 350). If we mobilise carefully and define the definition of truth and art, we provide easily look the big differences. Truth as we know, is claim to be real, logic and reasonable with supported evidence. therefore truth is also objective statement since every agrees for it to be true, some sciences claim could be a straightforward example of truth.On the other hand, art apostrophize more to our imagination and emotion which runs out the environ of reason. With some statement about art, some people may think art is then unusable if it doesnt have any truth but only waste of junk. However, art can be subjective. It could appeal to individuals emotions and expression. A drawing from someone can express the artists emotion, the usage of color and lines stroke could represent the artist emotion. Still when spectators spotted the drawing they may infer only little amount of truth. As art can be subjective, the audience may think about the drawing in any lovable of feelings they see from their perspective.For example, a drawing of a shadow of the homo with a circle. The audience may think about the drawing in any kind of homunculuss th at appeal to them, such as a man and a sun or a man with a soccer ball. There are no creates that either one is right or wrong, there is no one specific truth from the drawing. As the quote a picture may describe thousand words, there are many perspectives that you can observe from the picture and they are expressed in more allusive and intuitive forms.If we compare this to science theories, it would be totally the opposite. Two different theories are given to proof a same claim. There would be only one that is right that gives the truth about the claim. For example, 2+2 must have-to doe with 4, this truth is reasoned and supported with many evidence. The theories would contradict each other, if one in true the other would be false. However art can also be objective since artists have intention in their work, but it might not be clear as science which has practical evidence and proof in each step.Some people define art as untrue because they deal with illustration rather than fac t. This would bring us to another aspect call paradox of fiction. The fact that fiction is sometimes able to reveal deep truths about gentleman condition. While it may seem to strange that we human beings often turn to fiction in search of truth, it also seems to be true (Theory of Knowledge p.352). This tells us a bit more how art gives truth to our experience of the world. But the truth that art gives us might be different kind of truth the science gives us. For example, arts can tell us about the nature and love which science cannot. Most of the time, truth in art comes in the form of emotion.Art gives truth in a slightly degree which mostly appeal to emotion. Art can be objective or subjective and if we relate to truth which must be objective we may seek the difference. The intention of artist and what the audience see may be different depends on each individual perspective. If we compare it to truth in science which is really important to our life, art would consist truth in a small amount. However it is still important.

Transition From Authoritian Rule In Argentina Essay Example for Free

Transition From Authoritian regularise In genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Argentina EssayThe transition of brasss among various systems of expressionr is an on-going and never- annuling carry give away. Every geo policy-making entity in the creation is under some fashion model of regime, be it barbarian or advanced, and no two disposalal systems intent in ex feignly the same manner. The system of disposal used in a certain bea, grime or uncouth is highly dependant upon the experience of those goerned with the systems of governments in place in the past. Because of the unique occurrences in write up, no two entities will experience intents of transition amid various stools of government in exactly the same way.Even those countries that be geographic scarcelyy close and sh atomic number 18 similar histories will experience resisting periods of transition. Although large(p) unlikenesss pull round, however, m whatsoever similarities open fire as well be drawn between nations that are seemingly worlds apart(predicate). After powers personnel War II, some(prenominal) Argentina and brazil-nut tree go by means of periods of un egalitarian conventionalism. Both nations came under disdainful practicer and easyr(prenominal) evolved from authoritarian rule in differing manners. Therefore, through the practice of drawing contrasts and comparisons, it becomes apparent in what ship foundational the current practice of republic in brazil-nut tree and Argentina is various because of for each one countrys make uper experience with authoritarian rule.IntroductionAlthough close geographically, Argentina and brazil-nut tree undergo vastly different evolutions in their form of governance in the period pursuance World War II. Because the similarity in the governmental history of Argentina and brazil nut lies in their shared experience of authoritarian rule, it is important, startle, to un derstand the ramifications of that form of government. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines the term authoritarian by describing it as of, relating to, or favoring a c oncentration of world-beater in a cart tracker or an elect non constitutionally responsible to the pile. (Merriam-Webster, 2007) To interpret this exposition within the bounds of the research question at hand, it is important to draw out two portions of that definition.First, take up the phrase concentration of business office. hostile decentralized super business leader that spreads rule amongst umpteen, authoritarian rule places all power squarely upon the minority in power. Next, the key phrase most important in delimit authoritarian is that the concentrated power is held by a leader or an elect. Again, this is the minority that holds a major(ip)ity of the power. Finally, consider the phrase that authoritarian rule is non constitutionally responsible to the people. This could omen that the g overnment is not duly elect by the people through a constitutionally- be format, or that once select, there are no checks and balances by which a full sum uping of activities can be demanded by the people.To further fully explore some(prenominal) similarities and differences in the affect of authoritarian rule on later rule, it is important to define the difference between democratization of a nation and easiness of a nation, because both(prenominal) policy-making processes affect macrocosms in a vastly different manner. According to Wikipedia, democratization is the transition from an authoritarian or a semi-authoritarian political system to a participatory political system. (Wikipedia, 2007) In contrast, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or scotch insurance policy. (Wikipedia, 2007)It is possible, therefore, for democratization and liberalization to work hand in hand as a geopolitical entity transitions its form of government away from authoritarian rule, but it is not necessarily genuine that one requires the another(prenominal)(a). For example, a country can simply relax its engraft governmental activities without actual changing its form of rule.Authors Guillermo ODonnell and Philippe C. Schmitter acres in their work entitled Transitions from Authoritarian Rule Tentative Conclusions about shot Democracies that liberalization can exist without democratization. (ODonnell Schmitter, 10) But while liberalization does not necessarily need democratization, the authors go on to advance that in all experiences examined, the attainment of political democracy was preceded by a significant, if unsteady, liberalization. (ODonnell Schmitter, 10) Therefore, the true difference between liberalization and democratization must consider the influence one has upon the other.To understand the state of political sym gradeies in South the States today, one must first understand the primin g coat from which it has evolved, and accordingly its process for evolution. This paper will first examine the varying forms of governance in Argentina and brazil-nut tree anterior to authoritarian rule. Next this paper will study how authoritarian rule came into being in Argentina and Brazil. Further, this paper will explore how authoritarian rule in Argentina and Brazil gave way to other forms of governance. And finally, the present-day political climate will be examined in both Argentina and Brazil, in informal of the history from which both countries puzzle evolved.Argentina vs. Brazil Governance Prior to Authoritarian Rule Argentina and Brazil became independent nations in 1816 and 1822 respectively. During this similar time period, Argentina separated from Spanish rule, while Brazil broke from the rule of the Portuguese. Both countries, according to the CIA World Factbook, were both heavily influenced by European powers, both at their period of separation and to the prese nt day. In South America, Brazil is the largest nation, and currently the most populous. Argentinas political and societal history was largely shaped by Italian and Spanish immigrants that go along to stream in until the 1930s. (CIA World Factbook, 2007) The forms of government employed by Argentina and Brazil differed, however, subsequently each nation was granted its independence and before the institution of authoritarian rule. Both nations separated from countries with forms of government cold different than they, themselves, would adopt. Author David Rock, in his work entitled Argentina in the Twentieth Century, explains that the period between 1890 and 1930 in Argentina marked the rise to a position of national dominance of one of Argentinas conduct political parties, the Unin Cvica complete, or naturalism. (Rock, 66) Conservative rule in Argentina gave way to the rule of the Radical party in 1916, and it is that party that ruled until being overthrown in favor of an aut horitarian government in 1930. Rock states that At one time it was thought simply that Radicalism was the political vehicle for the Argentine centerfielddle classes. However, more recently it has been shown that the partys origins are to be traced to a league between the middle classes and segments of the land-based elite. (Rock, 67) A coalition between the middle classes thought to be the backbone of the Radical Party and the land-based elite is significant, because it was the land-based elite that were in rule as a conservative power both before the Radical party took control in 1916 and after it was overthrown in 1930. Despite an apparent coalition between unhomogeneous factions, the CIA World Factbook reports that up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentinas history was dominated by periods of internal political contravention between federalists and Unitarians and between civil and multitude factions. (CIA World Factbook, 2007) This conflict refers both to the transfers of power in 1916 and 1930 as well as the strife that continued in the intervening period of fourteen years. while the Radical party was in power, Argentina have a go at ited a policy of free trade, allowing a strong tradeing deliverance to develop and aiding in the financial development of the country.The tie between the middle-class bases and the land-based elite can be illustrated even in this policy of free trade, as Rock states that this system was undermined by the inherent tendency of the primary export economy to concentrate economic power and opportunities narrowly in the hands of the land groups and foreign capital. (Rock, 68) Despite progress made in the advancement of the interests of Brazil during the period previous to 1930, the boilers suit stability of the Radical partys governance was shaky at best, and laid the argument work for transition to authoritarianism in 1930. Brazil employed a more representative form of government earlier on than Argentin a, when a republic was established in 1889. The republic of Brazil, formally named the nation of the unify States of Brazil by the constitution drafted and enacted in 1891, was lead by a constitutionally parliamentary government that employed a twist unlike a traditional democracy, such as the get together States, the original leaders during this period of time in Brazil were not take popularly.Instead, power was seized during a coup detat and leaders were appointed. Wikipedia develops the important point that during this period of time, the government of Brazil decentralized and restored self-direction to the provinces. (Wikipedia, 2007) The major challenge to the ruling party of Brazil prior to 1930 was one of legitimacy how could an illegal, treasonous act (the coup detat) establish a legal political order? (Wikipedia, 2007) Unlike in Argentina, where a disparity between the land-based elite and those without land led to the governments ultimate overthrow, Brazils future can be seen by the fact that the rise of the Republic overly led to the alter of the state-sponsored Army the same Army that would precipitate the turn to authoritarian rule in the 1930s. Although a Republic, albeit with sign leaders installed instead of elected, future Brazilian elections did not enjoy the popular support of the people as was seen elsewhere, notably Argentina. As the road was traveled towards authoritarian rule, end-to-end the 1920s, only between 2.3% and 3.4% of the total population voted. (Wikipedia, 2007) Hardly, then, a representative government, Brazil continued to struggle with the question of the legitimacy of its republic. With that low participation recorded, all decisions made by the government feel to criticism and skepticism. Although this question of legitimacy would ultimately hurt the theory of a constitutional democracy during that period of time, the Army continued to strengthen with its power checked only nominally by the government and th e people. Argentina and Brazil share similarities and differences in their history prior to the 1930s. iodin notably similarity is the continued instability of government that ensued during the period prior to the transition to authoritarian rule. This is tempered, however, by differing causes for instability notably dissention between the ruling party and the come to, in Argentina, and the ruling part and forces factions, in Brazil. Like Argentina, Brazil enjoyed wealth through exportation during the period prior to 1930. Unlike Argentina, however, Brazil failed to account for the agricultural take of its own countrymen before exportation, and thus was forced to import many products. These factors all lead to the laying of the path to authoritarianism.Argentina vs. Brazil How Authoritarian Governments Came into PowerOne of the leading exportation products of Brazil prior to 1930 was coffee. After the crash of the American stock market in 1929, the Great Depression experienced in North American had a trickle-down affect on the economies of South America. The prices paid for coffee, and thus the tax gained from the exportation of coffee, was slashed by one third initially and later by two thirds. With such a gross decline in profitability, the exportation economy as a whole was affected. both money held in reserve by the government to equalize pricing was tapped and emptied. And thus, the country of Brazil was overripe for revolution. (Wikipedia, 2007)Revolution came in 1930 when Getulio Dornelles Vargas came to power in a legitimate election gained through strategic alliances throughout Brazil. A non-bloody revolution, the transferover was simply one of ideologies. Vargas rule was to be one interim in nature during his fifteen years in power, his rule gradually became less open and more repressive. Wikipedia characterizes this convert in his pattern of rule as a legal hybrid between the regimes of Mussolinis Italy and Salazars Portuguese Estado Nvo , copied repressive fascist tactics, and conveyed their same rejection of liberal capitalism, but attained power baring few indications of his future quasi-fascist polices. (Wikipedia, 2007 While in power, Vargas thoroughly rejected the values of Communism they were in direct contrast with his support of the landed elite and instead espoused the fascist notions that would help to lock in and retain the power he had bounteous as the leader of Brazil.The decentralization that had occurred in Brazil before 1930 was gradually eroded, laying open the path to authoritarian rule. The policies enacted by Vargas included the enactment of one of the highest tariffs in the world and constructed a heavily modulate and increasingly centralized economy. (Rock, 16) David Rock, in his work entitled Latin America in the 1940s, went on to outline that Brazil and nearby Argentina experienced changes in economies during the time of World War II, stating that although they could no drawn-out import capital goods and raw materials, the industrial producers of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and other countries managed to increase production. (Rock, 18) As such, both Argentina and Brazil benefited by the demands of war. The turn to authoritarianism between the two countries would differ, however, in the way in which soldiery regimes lead to the transfer of power.Philippe Faucher, in his work entitled Authoritarian capitalist economy Brazils Contemporary scotch and Political Development, states that when the dictatorship first came to power in Brazil it appeared that it would follow the same course as other military dictatorships. (Faucher, 11) This was not to be the case, however. Army strength built in Brazil for many years, both pre- and post-World War II. But it would not be until 1964 that a military power decisively came to power in Brazil, many years after the start of rumblings in 1930. In between, military periods ensued, interspersed with periods of quasi-democrat ic rule.In 1964, Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, then Brazils Army Chief of Staff, came to power. He skillfully dealt with challenges to his power by making many changes to the government, including re mournful long-serving governors and representatives and adding power to the presidency. Although his intent was solely to limit challenges, he instead installed the groundwork for a military dictatorship. Wikipedia states that his measures provided the transposition governments of Marshal Artur da Costa e Silva (196769) and general Emlio Garrastazu Mdici (196974) with a basis for authoritarian rule. (Wikipedia, 2007)Meanwhile, in Argentina, a coup detat was enacted, quite in contrast with the livid transitions of power in Brazil. Authors Benjamin or so and Lynne Rienner, in their work entitled Changing Authoritarian Rule and existence Policy in Argentina, 1930-1970, state that the military coup of 1930 ended middle-class rule in Argentina and reestablished the politica l domination of Argentinas conservative, export-oriented landed elites and their allies among the export-related industrialists. (Most Rienner, 46)While Brazil bounced between authoritarian and quasi-democratic rule for more than tierce decades, Argentina entered a period, in 1930, of different forms of authoritarian government. This period would last until the mid 1970s. It is important to look at the variety of forms of authoritarianism that prevailed in Argentina during this 40 year period, as it is indicative of the basic needs and desires of the Argentinean population during that time.Most and Rienner, outlining another work of Guillermo ODonnell, delineate that Argentina experienced periods of traditional authoritarian rule, populist authoritarian rule, non-dominant rule, and bureaucratic-authoritarian rule. During those four periods, the dominant coalition was first export industrialists, then domestic industrialists, then non-dominant coalitions, and finally more militari stic rule. Interestingly, Most and Rienner, quoting ODonnell, show the descent of more militaristic rule in 1966, coinciding with Brazils own turn towards militaristic rule. Although history shows the first strongly authoritarian rule in Brazil to have been military-affiliated, the comparison does not draw to Argentinean rule. Instead, power couple Juan and Eva Peron, who would later be fictionalized and characterized in the stage and film productions of Evita, were the most far-famed rulers during authoritarian rule in Argentina. Most and Rienner state that the populist coalition an authoritarian government that seek to identify with the masses was mobilized and dominated by Juan Peron. Peron ruled until being overthrown by a militarily-influenced regime in 1955, shortly after terrible droughts affected the country and also shortly the death of his wife, Eva. One can almost hear the strains of Dont Cry for Me, Argentina when contemplating the fate of that nation after the chan ge in regime in 1955.Instead, the period from 1955 until 1966 proved to be almost without notably occurrence, as no strong leadership emerged. Although authoritarian rule lasted notwithstanding several decades longer, the instability begun in 1955 would begin the way out of authoritarian rule in Argentina. Similarly, continued instability in Brazil would lead to the same, albeit later than the emergence of Argentina from authoritarian rule.Argentina vs. Brazil How Authoritarian Governments Gave Way to Other Governance healthy to varying consequences in Argentina and Brazil, the time nevertheless came for authoritarian rule to end in both countries. Like their descent into and experience with authoritarian rule, Argentina and Brazil left behind the constraints of that form of government in varying manners and with varying levels of difficulty. Indeed, the most marked difference in the changes in rule in Argentina and Brazil is the steps and timelines followed by each in the 1970s and 1980s. Authors Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan note the following in their work entitled Problems of Democratic Transition and integrating Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe Brazil has experienced the most difficulty in consolidating democracy. (Linz Stepan, 166) Linz and Stepan go on after that telling control to breakdown a variables in Brazil that could have lead to its difficulty in transitioning, but arrive at the conclusion that those variables including overwhelming debt and the affect of military rule are not so importantly different than situations faced by other transitioning governments so as to set Brazil apart. Instead, they arrive at a separate conclusion that the major distinctive problem in Brazil concerns our variable of the political economy of legitimacy. (Linz Stepan, 166) As alluded to in the section dealing with Brazils governmental reference dating to the beginning of the twentieth century, the largest stumbling block was one o f legitimacy. Through regime after regime, leader after leader, Brazil continued to experience a strong enough, popularly backed official to bring an zephyr of legitimacy to its government. A further stumbling block to Brazil in their quest to realize a democratic rule after the end of authoritarianism was the fact that historically, Brazil had the least structured system of political parties, in comparison to other South American countries studied. (Linz Stepan, 167) This lack of structure was clearly illustrated by the unremitting bouncing between authoritarian and non-authoritarian rule during the period following World War II.Because a coalition of any real strength failed to materialize to decisively lead Brazil out of the dark authoritarian rule and into the light of democracy, its transition period was prolonged. Finally, Linz and Stepan note that the constitution put into place in the late nineteenth century proved again to be inadequate in light of the caste-like society in Brazil, where the disparity between the classes was stark. The question remains, then, as to how Brazil eventually did cast aside authoritarian rule in favor of democratization. The answer, it seems, resides in the differentiation of liberalization and democratization. Linz and Stepan note that the Brazilian transition from authoritarianism beganin 1974andwas not completed until1990. (Linz Stepan, 167-168)Sixteen years of transition is demarcated by initial efforts made in 1974 by General Ernesto Geisel, who set out to institute controlled liberalization in order to aid the country in moving forward alongside South American neighbors then doing the same. Although liberalization was first introduced in the mid-1970s, democratization did not catch up for quite awhile. In the intervening years, many changes rocked Brazil, but a sign of true democratization was to come when in 1990, chairperson Fernando Collor de Mello was directly and popularly elected by the people. The movement of the people that made the direct and popular election of Mello possible in 1990 began in early 1984. As was feature of speech of the entire Brazilian transition from authoritarian rule to democracy, the period of time necessary to enact change was lengthy. Linz and Stepan write that from February to June 1984, Brazil experienced the most sustained and massive political movement in its history the campaign for Directas Ja, or Direct Elections Now. (Linz Stepan, 168) Although significant portions of both the political and civil realms in Brazil were in favor of a change to a system of direct elections, and although, in fact, no major group voiced opposition to direct elections, the wheels of democratization turned slowly. The military regime then in place insisted upon exerting a final show of power, and thus the elections of 1985 the first opportunity for a non-military government since 1964 were restrained conducted by indirect vote. More political drama ensued when the ele cted professorship died before assuming office, and his vice- chair served at the displeasure of many. Slow but not stopped, however, was the march towards full democracy, and so Mello was elected in 1990. Linz and Stepan also spend significant time in analyzing the regime change from authoritarian rule to democracy in Argentina. One of the first similarities noted was that Argentina emerged from authoritarian rule, similarly to Brazil, by shedding the remains of military rule. While Brazils military rule uttered its dying gasp by barricade a direct election, Argentina saw a more-bloody grasp at remaining in power. Indeed, Linz and Stepan write that while the overall regime lacked the coherence of ideology and organization of a totalitarian regime, many of the militarys statements about the need to exterminate their enemies had a totalitarian edge. (Linz Stepan, 190) In fact, more than three hundred propagation more people per capita disappeared in Argentina than in Brazil. (Lin z Stepan, 190) While Brazils military may have created stumbling blocks, its leaders were at least working towards liberalization. In contrast, Argentinas military rulers wanted no part in that initiative and sought to control power by eliminating the competition. A further contrast drawn by Linz and Stepan was that the military never created parties or held elections as in Brazil. (Linz Stepan, 190) Indeed, while the rule in Brazil was farsighted and thought out an eventual change in rule, the Argentinean model of military rule sought to hold tight to power for as long as possible without regard to the benefits that may be inherent in change. Linz and Stepan outline fiver consequences of the fact that the military held so tightly to power, and in fact was able to stay in power for a full eighteen months after their defeat. First, the span of eighteen months between defeat and the secession of power meant the possibility of revolutionary policies was precluded. (Linz Stepan, 192 ) Second, although the military in its dying gasp held on to power far longer than anticipated, it was weakened by a fear of conflict caused internally. This fear was rightfully backed by practicality for any hope of power to remain, any internal division would be deadly.Third, the continued show of power by the military was rebutted when the incoming regime prosecuted military officers vigorously for gay rights violations. Fourth, the violence exhibited by the military against any adversaries tarnished any future hope of partnerships with the incoming democratic government. And finally, the prosecution of military officers almost led to an turn of the democratic process, as uprising after uprising by other military officers drew President Raul Alfonsins attention away from other critical issues and forced concessions that reflected poorly on a newly-democratic government. Although smooth at the start, the turmoil experienced in both Brazil and Argentina was weathered by the dem ocratic governments so longed for during authoritarian rule. Authors Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman offer insight as to why democratization was such an grueling process in Argentina and Brazil, saying that in non-crisis circumstances, incumbent authoritarian leaders tend to enjoy greater leverage. (Haggard Kaufman, 78) Obviously, the leverage for the authoritarian leaders in Argentina and Brazil suffered because crises did occur, including financial downfalls that caused the economies of both countries to suffer. But perhaps those crises were in fact beneficial, in providing the impetus necessary for regime change to occur.Argentina vs. Brazil Todays Political Climate In present-day Brazil, the CIA World Factbook lists the type of government as federative republic. In fact, the formal name for the nation is the Federative Republic of Brazil. The current constitution was enacted in 1988 towards the end of rule by the last non-directly elected ruler. Interestingly, in a natio n that once experienced disconsolate election turnout rates, voting is now required between the ages of 18 and 70, with the exception of military conscripts, who do not vote.Similarly to the United States, presidential elections are held now every four years. On the economic front, a country once plagued by enough debt to threaten a complete collapse of government is now growing at a rate of 2.2% per year. The Factbook quotes that while domestic and international economic shocks have affected the overall economy, the fact that Brazil absorbed these shocks without financial collapse is a tribute to the resiliency of the Brazilian economy. (CIA World Factbook, 2007) Each president elected since 1990 has introduced initiatives to further strengthen the economy. To understand the full extent of where Brazil is politically today, one must first understand the type of government now in rule. The basic tenet of a federative republic is that the popularly elected president is both the hea d of state and head of government. The election of presidents and legislators is enabled by a multiparty system in a federative republic. In current-day Brazil, this multiparty system is exhibited by the fact that more than one dozen political parties are currently represented in the legislative body, and the president and vice-president were elected from separate political parties.Although the legislative and executive branches of the government work closely together, the judiciary is set apart. In spirit for a cause for this separation of the third wheel of government, it can be presumed that it is to experience complete independence in the rulings handed down and that those rulings are not influenced by ruling members of the legislature or the president himself. After so many years of military rule interspersed with weak quasi-democratic rule, it can be easily seen that the setting apart of the judiciary is a stabilizing move. The present-day government of Argentina has develo ped similarly to that of Brazil. In a slight departure, the CIA World Factbook lists Argentina as simply a republic instead of a federative republic. More practically stated, Argentina is currently a representative democracy. Unlike Brazil, the current constitution in Argentina was the one originally enacted in 1853 it has, however, been amended numerous times. In a very similar electoral process to Brazil, presidential and vice presidential candidates are elected to four year terms. Also similarly to Brazil, the president is both the head of state and head of government. A final similarity is that voting is also compulsory for anyone above the age of 18. The roots of todays Argentinean government can be more clearly seen in the history of Argentina than can be traced in Brazil. One of the two largest political parties in power today is the Radical Civic Union, which at one time ruled in Argentina from 1916-1930. The efforts of this party and the popular support among the masses ha ve sustained its power throughout more than a century from its founding in 1890 and its cause of supporting and enhancing the well-being of the middle class remains relevant in the current political climate. The other of the two largest political parties also has a clear historical tie. Called the Partido Justicialista, or Judicialist Party, the platform arose from the efforts of overthrown Juan Peron and his efforts to expand the role of labor in the political process during the 1940s. (Wikipedia, 2007) Once a country divided by vast differences in social classes, the two largest political parties now place utmost emphasis on the middle and working classes. Brazil and Argentina both enjoy a bicameral legislature composed very similar to that of the House of Representatives and Senate of the United States of America. In Brazil, the legislature is called the Congresso Nacional, or National Congress. The two houses of legislature within are called the Senado Federal or Federal Senate, and the Camara dos Deputados or Chamber of Deputies. The members of the Senate serve eight year terms, with one-third elected during the first four year election and two-thirds elected during the second four year election. Three Senators are selected from each Federal district, totaling 81 altogether.The Chamber of Deputies are elected to four year terms and represent their Federal district proportionate to population, totaling 513 altogether. The vast number of political parties represented in the Brazilian government is a sure sign of the people that they want to ensure representation for all representation that was missing during period of authoritarian rule in Brazils history.The Argentinean legislative branch is set up and named in the same way as Brazil, with slight variances occurring in the number of representatives and length of terms.. The Senate of Argentina boasts 72 representatives elected to six-year terms, with one-third up for election every other year. The Chamber of Deputies in Argentina counts 257 representatives who are elected to four year terms, with half up for election every other year. The judiciary, as mentioned prior, is set apart in terms of rule from the other two bodies of government in Brazil. It is not quite so separate in Argentina. In both countries, members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president for life and confirmed by the legislature. In Brazil, however, life ends at 70 at that age, judges are mandatorily retired. On key difference in the appointment of judges between Brazil and Argentina is that judges in Argentina can be deposed by the legislature this is not the case in Brazil. A lasting legacy in Argentina is the current role of the military in overall society. Having experienced gross tyranny under military rule for so many years and with battue that affected such a wide population, there is understandable fear of an overly powerful military. Therefore, the military is firmly under civilian control. (Wi kipedia, 2007) Once a force that completely disregarded human rights and sought only to maintain the largest extent of power possible, the Argentinean military is now a greatly downsized force with only volunteer soldiers. Conscription in the Argentinean military was abolished in 2001, further giving control to the civilian sector.The history of Brazil speaks more kindly to the rule of military forces, and as such, the influence of the military on the present-day democracy of Brazil is different from that experienced in Argentina. Conscription in the Brazilian military is still compulsory males between the ages of 21 and 45 must serve a term of between nine and twelve months, but can volunteer for this service as young as 17. Women are also allowed and encouraged to serve in the armed forces of Brazil.At any given time, 33 zillion men and 38 million women are deemed fit for military service only a subatomic percentage of that actually serve at any given time. This figure is roughl y five times the number of men and women in Argentina considered fit for service. Brazil also outspends Argentina in the criminal maintenance of military forces by a ratio of two to one. This may change in the future, however, as the continually stabilizing economy of Argentina launched what is called plan 2000 in 2005 to make its forces more prepared for any needs the country requires. (CIA World Factbook, 2007)Conclusion By all appearances, the governments of Argentina and Brazil have successfully transitioned out of authoritarian rule and into democratic bodies. This transition, as illustrated by the many examples of this paper, has not come easily or quickly. Both nations experienced much strife in the twentieth century, which has carried on some levels into the twenty-first century. In the end, however, the power of the people prevailed in both countries, and democracy changed from a fleeting form of government experienced only sporadically in the past to a strong form of rule which has a tell future.The future of both Argentina and Brazil is not pre-determined, however, any more than the various forms of rule in the past was pre-determined. Instead, continued struggles will ensue as the democracies in place grow and age and are tested by circumstances yet unforeseen. In Brazil, the democracy is still only just over twenty years old, and only a few years older in Argentina.By comparison, when the democracy of the United States of America was just over thirty years old, a war was being fought with the motive mother-land in the War of 1812 when the democracy of the United States of America was just under 100 years old, a civil war was fought that proved to be the toughest challenge to the future of democracy ever though possible. And yet the United States of American has prevailed with a democracy considered the strongest in the world.As the democracies of Brazil and Argentina age to thirty, forty, lambert and a hundred years old, challenges will arise to test legitimacy and strength of power. However, Brazil and Argentina took a far different path to democracy than did the United States of America. Because of the trials and turmoil already experienced through authoritarian rule, it is likely that the governments of Argentina and Brazil will be well-prepared to take on the challenges of the future.It is in looking forward that it becomes necessary to define one further term that of foresight. Foresight can be defined as using the lessons of the past with the realities of the present to plan for the future. Both Brazil and Argentina are steeped in rich lessons of past forms of governmental rule by remembering those histories and tempering them with current circumstances, the nations will be well-equipped to face the future. Those futures will likely continue on different paths, however, based again on lessons and examples of the past. Most importantly, the future of democracy, similarly to the current practice of democracy in Brazi l and Argentina, will continue to differ because of each countrys former experience with authoritarian rule.ReferencesArgentina. (2007) CIA World Factbook Retrieved electronically April 7, 2007 fromhttps//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/br.html.Bruneau, T.C., Faucher, P. (Eds.). (1981). Authoritarian Capitalism Brazils Contemporary Economic and Political Development. Boulder Westview Press.Brazil. (2007). CIA World Factbook. Retrieved electronically April 7, 2007 fromhttps//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/br.html.Democratization. (2007).Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically on April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Democratization.Haggard, S. Kaufman, R. (1999). The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. InTransitions to Democracy, ed. Lisa Anderson. New York Columbia University Press.History of Brazil, 1889-1930. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically on April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1889-1930).History of B razil, 1930-1945. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically on April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1830-1945).History of Brazil, 1945-1964. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically on April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1945-1964).Liberalization. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically on April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalization.Linz, J.J. Stepan, A. (1996). Problems of Democrative Transition and Consolidation Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore The JohnsHopkins University Press.Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary. (2007). Retrieved electronically on April 7, 2007 fromhttp//www.webster.com/dictionary/.Most, B. A. (1991). Changing Authoritarian Rule and Public Policy in Argentina, 1930-1970.Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers.ODonnell, G. Schmitter, P.C. (1986). Transition from Authoritarian Rule Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore The Johns H opkins UniversityPress.Politics of Argentina. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_ Argentina.Politics of Brazil. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved electronically April 7, 2007 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil.Rock, D. (Ed.). (1975). Argentina in the 20th Century. London Gerald Duckworth Co. Ltd.Rock, D. (Ed.). (1994) Latin America in the 1940s War and Postwar Transitions.BerkeleyUniversity of California Press.

Organizational Performance Management Table Essay Example for Free

administrational deed Management Table EssayAfter you have completed your individual research on your elect type of health care system of rules, collaborate with your Learning Team to complete this table. Then, refer to this table as you collaborate to write your paper. Include this table as an appendix to your paper.Fill in the necessary randomness in each cell, but be as succinct as possible.1. Provide names of or links to specific organizations. Summarize key products or services provided by each type of organization and identify the primary customers they serve. Organization OneOrganization bothOrganization triplethttp//www.fda.gov/U.S. Food and medicine Administration2. Outline the overall content of the major regulations, accreditation requirements, and other exemplifications that affect each organization. Provide the title, section, parts, or subparts or the numbering system and so on of the specific regulations or accreditation requirements.For example Use of elec tronic signatures in electronic medical records is equivalent to handwritten signatures on paper FDA regulation Title 21 CFR Part 11, Subpart C, 11.200 Electronic Signature http//www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=11Organization OneOrganization TwoOrganization ThreeFood and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) Because of their importance, an berths rulemaking plans are of peachy interest to a wide range to stakeholders. Therefore, the Federal Government publishes a semi-annual agenda of upcoming regulations in the Federal Register, usually in the Spring and Fall. As part of FDAs transparentness Initiative and FDA Transparency Results Accountability Credibility Knowledge Sharing (TRACK), we are also providing periodic updates on FDAs incorporated order of business rulemakings. On the Unified Agenda-TRACK Web page, we will maintain an updated agenda of FDAs Unified Agenda rulemakings.3. Highlight the effect of each organizatio ns regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards on the risk- and quality-management functions and activities.Organization OneOrganization TwoOrganization ThreeThe scope of FDAs restrictive authority is very broad. FDAs responsibilities are well related to those of several other government agencies. Often frustrating and confusing for consumers is determining the appropriate regulatory means to contact. The following is a list of traditionally-recognized product categories that fall under FDAs regulatory jurisdiction however, this is not an exhaustive list.In general, FDA regulatesFoods, includingdietary supplementsbottled waterfood additivesinfant formulasother food products (although the U.S. part of Agriculture plays a lead role in regulating aspects of some meat, poultry, and egg products) Drugs,includingprescription drugs (both brand-name and generic)non-prescription (over-the-counter) drugsBiologics, includingvaccines root and blood productscellular and gen e therapy productstissue and tissue productsallergenicsMedical Devices, includingsimple items like tongue depressors and bedpans multiform technologies such as heart pacemakersdental devicessurgical implants and prostheticsElectronic Products that give off radiation, includingmicrowave ovensroentgenogram equipmentlaser productsultrasonic therapy equipmentmercury vapor lampssunlampsCosmetics, includingcolor additives found in makeup and other personalised care products skin moisturizers and cleansersnail polish and perfumeVeterinary Products, includinglivestock feedspet foodsveterinary drugs and devices baccy Products, includingcigarettescigarette tobaccoroll-your-own tobaccosmokeless tobacco4. Specify components of performance-management systemspolicies and procedures, self-audits, benchmarking, complaint management, corrective or limp action, education and training, communication, and other mechanismsto be used by each organization.Organization OneOrganization TwoOrganization Thr eeRisk communication staff Our Risk dialogue Staffs objective is to assess and kindle FDAs approaches to effectively communicate the risks and benefits of using FDA-regulated products. This includes providing leadership in identifying, developing, conducting and promoting cross-cutting research, promoting understandable communication, and finding ways to improve the body and effectiveness of our communication approaches. This program also directs the activities of FDAs Risk Communication Advisory Committee, which was established to advise on strategies and programs to communicate the risks and benefits of FDA-regulated products so as to facilitate optimal use to review and evaluate FDAs and others research pertinent to such communication and to facilitate interactively sharing risk and benefit information with the public to help community make informed independent judgments about use of FDA-regulated products.Our major functions includeCoordinating development of agency policie s on risk communication practices.Coordinating agency strategic planning activities concerning risk communications.Coordinating agency research agenda for risk communication methods.Facilitating development and sharing of risk communication best practices and standard operating procedures.Conducting risk communications research on methodological and cross-cutting issues.Leading management and coordination of the FDA Risk Communication Advisory Committee.Staffing and co-leading FDAs Communications Council5. Provide links to any relevant sources that will be utile as your Learning Team completes the paper.Organization OneOrganization TwoOrganization ThreeFda.gov

The Eve of Waterloo Essay Example for Free

The eventide of Waterloo EssayThere was drop dead of revelry by night A ball was given at Brussels on the evening in advance the scrap of Quatre Bras, which occurred two days before the Battle of Waterloo Belgiums capital had then gathered her beauty and chivalry while her lamps shone brightly over fair women and venturesome men. The thousand hearts beat happily when the music arose with its voluptuous swell and all went out bracing as though summoned to church by the wedding bells. Then suddenly a deep sound struck like a rising knell. It might be that no everyone heard it for the rest survey it to be the powerful movement of the wind or the rattling of a car over the flinty street. Yet the patriots moved on with the dance and did not confine their joy nor did they sleep till morning. When the early days and their pleasure met to chase the glowing hours with flying feet, suddenly the heavy sound broke in one time more and the clouds repeated its echo. The sound was fe lt coming nearer and deadlier than before. Finally it became all clear that it was the develop of the cannons opening roar.The fated chieftain of Brunswick Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick sate sat within a windowed ecological niche of the great high hall. He first heard the sound in the midst of the festival and now understood its tone to be caught up with deaths prophetic ear. When his people smiled because he deemed the scag sound near, his heart knew more truly that pealed too well which stretched his fathers honor on a bloody bier. He also knew that it was only by rousing the vengeance blood all that could quell his desire for ultimate justice.He rushed into the battlefield and died fighting in the forefront of the battle and unfortunately for his men who had to hurry to and fro. All his people gathered tears in their eyes and felt the trembling of distress with their cheeks all pale. Perhaps an hour ago, they blushed at the praise of their own loveliness when they had to bear the sudden partings like pressing the life out of young hearts and choking their sighs which might neer be repeated.No one could guess if those mutual eyes should ever meet again, since upon the night that is so sweet should such an awful morning rise. There was mounting on horsebacks in great haste. The steed in mustering squadron gathering army and the clattering car charged forward with impetuous speed and swiftly forming themselves into ranks of war. The deep hell dust of canons peal on peal far and near while the beat of the alarming drums roused up the soldiers before the morning star came up.The citizens thronged and were dumb-struck with terror and whispering with white lips that the foe was coming. The wild and high short letter of the Camerons gathering the war song of the Cameron clan rose even on behalf of Lochiel the Cameron clan is from Lochiel in Scotland which was heard in the Albyn hills too Albyn a poetic name for Scotland to have her Saxon foes the Eng lish (since they belonged to Saxon stock while the Scots were mainly of Celtic origin).At mid-day and mid-night the Pibroch a kind of Highland bagpipe thrills with squall and savage notes, whose breath fills their mountain pipes and the mountaineers too with the fierce native daring courage which instills the stirring memories of a thousand years and Evan, Donald Evan Cameron and Donald Cameron, two Scottish chieftains who supported the Stuarts fame rings in each clansmans ears.

Chemistry and Society Essay Example for Free

alchemy and Society EssayChemistry is a vast quantity of a somebodys universal life. A individual fanny find chemistry in his or her daily life in the foods that a soulfulness eats, air a person breathes, soap, and high-fidelityly everything a person comes in tie with. Chemistry is significant in everyday life beca purpose chemicals make up everything in life. For example, a persons body, pet, a desk, the sun, food, and drugs a person may take, to name a few. A person can observe changes in chemistry caused by chemical reactions, such as leaves changing colors, cooking food, and blend a cleaning product. Knowing chemistry can help a person make everyday choices that affect his or her life. For example, if a person should mix certain household chemicals together.Accuracy is the magnitude in which a certain measurement agrees with the standard worth for that measurement (Dictionary, 2011). Precision is how close the measured standards argon to each other (Math is fun, 201 1). Society depends on the true and precision in everyday life. These two relationships atomic number 18 often substituted freely, but both have crucial differences. Businesses entail both accurate and precise measurements to detain in business. Accuracy states that something is constant with an identified rate, whereas precision is the volume of detail something delivers. Society depends on accuracy and precision in many places. One instance is the gas pumps. The gas pump can figure accuracy when the gas is flowing, but this is not a precise measurement of how much gas is pumping by means of the pumps. Gas pumps must not only know how much gas is pumping through the pumps but as well as how precise the measurement of gas pumped.The gas companies need to know how much is pumped so that the attach to can charge the right amount for the gas. Sometimes in everyday life a person does not want to be precise. For example, if soul stops and asks for directions to the nearest gas st ation a person may say that the next gas station is about 10 minutes down the road. Providing directions to someone is a elan a person can give accurate information. Another example is, when measuring a room in the house to paint and needing to know how much paint to provide. A person can either measure and provide a precise measurement or provide an accurate measurement on the room to paint. Another precision and accuracy a person may use in every day is how long it takes his or her child to finish the homework. An accurate answer is 20 minutes, but the precise answer would be 20 minutes and 20 seconds. Time is an excellent way to be accurate or precise.ReferencesDictionary.com. (2011). Accuracy. Retrieved November 3, 2011 from http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/accuracyMath is fun. (2011). Accuracy and Precision. Retrieved November 3, 2011 from http//www.mathsisfun.com/accuracy-precision.html

Otherness and Alienation in Joyce Essay Example for Free

otherness and Alienation in Joyce EssayThe striking feature of James Joyces combatant in A Portrait of an Artist as a young Man and capital of Irelanders is that of a detached observer of his fellow-beings and purlieu home, religion and country. From a usual boy of Dublin he gradually emerges to be an artist of extravagantly sensibility who shuns the influences of social and ghostlike order. The esthetic power of re-creating the world makes Stephen reject the order of the Jesuits. In the stories as well as the novel, the hero chooses the role of an artist in exile. The lack of social value good example makes the artist feel he has no function to play he must practice his breach in silence and in exile. Joyce raises the question of proper aesthetic attitude and develops art from egocentric melodious to dramatic approach. He has depicted human activities with complete aloofness, using dramatic method. His fictions possess epiphany rather than the ceremonious suspense, w ell-contrived plot and action. James Joyce shows the growth of a highly sensitive artistic mind in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in an atmosphere dominated by conservative religion. His hero as a detached observer is very similar to Albert Camus protagonist in The Outsider, except for the fact that Stephen begins with ghostlike faith and ends with his esthetics which is definitely a positive feature. From a normal boy of Dublin he gradually emerges to be an artist of high sensibility who shuns the influences of social and religious order.The esthetic power of re-creating the world makes Stephen reject the order of the Jesuits. In the stories as well as the novel, the hero chooses the role of an artist in exile. The lack of social value framework makes the artist feel he has no function to play he must practice his part in silence and in exile. Joyce raises the question of proper esthetic attitude and develops art from egocentric lyrical to dramatic approach. He has portra yed human activities with complete aloofness, using dramatic method.His fictions have epiphany rather than the conventional suspense, well-contrived plot and action. Having been dissatisfied with the religious doctrines as inadequate, he goes on develop his esthetics which is, according to David Daiches To look at the world with the spunk of the artist who combines the naked sensibility and the pure aesthetic eye and be satisfied with the artists god-like power to re-create the world with words. It is this discovery that prompts Stephens rejection to join the order of the Jesuits. (Daiches. 199)The drab surroundings of Dublin and his sharp intelligence and excessive sensibility turn every experience into a conflict in Stephens soulfulness the religious versus the pagan, the struggle of the flesh versus the spirit. Joyce said, I call the series Dubliners to betray the soul of that hemiplegia or paralysis which many consider a city. (Beja. 16) The boy narrator of Araby finds the Dublin milieu pretty dull (described in the first paragraph) and he tries to forget it by falling in enjoy with his friend Mangans sister.He manages to suppress his obsession with the girl, but fails miserably to buy her a have from the fair because of the insensibilities of the salespersons. At the end he is left with an excruciating depression which culminates in an epiphany Gazing up into the trace I saw myself as creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes burned with anxiety and anger. (Dubliners. 33) It is the realization of the aloof artist who is disillusioned with the ways of the world.The insensitive behavior of the salespersons makes him disenchanted about the world. some other hero in An Encounter shows his isolation when he confesses that he has no sweethearts while Mahony and his friends have plenty. I answered that I had none. He did not believe me and said he was sure I must have one. I was silent. (Dubliners. 23) Stephens experience at the Jesuit schoo l is a perpetual conflict with the environment as is evident